piracy, 24, 45, 53–56, 58, 61, 63, 66, 84–85, 117, 120, 148, 158, 179, 194, 199

poll tax, 148

Pomp, Dirk Gerritzoon, 16, 38–39, 224

Pope, 32, 80, 92

porcelain

Chinese, 54, 109, 113, 170, 187, 239

Japanese, 222–223, 227–229, 233

Portugal, 11, 15, 19, 47, 92, 110, 116

Potosí silver mines, 110

Prasart Thong, King of Siam, 73

precious metals, 1–4, 25–26, 28–29, 65, 70, 96–97, 98–100, 103–104, 106, 108–109, 111–114, 116, 123–124, 127–128, 130–132, 142, 157, 161–167, 170, 176–178, 191, 193, 196–197, 202, 205–206, 222, 226, 230, 232, 240, 245–246, 248

Pusan, 31, 122

Putnam, Hans, 148

Qing Empire, 118, 125–126, 172–177, 198–199, 224, 241

Quaeckernack, Jacob van, 27

ray skins, 30, 169, 206, 210–212, 308

reals of eight, 42, 110, 112, 114, 163, 166

Reijniersen, Daniel, 162

retourfloot (return fleet),, 43, 113, 124, 130, 229

Reyerszoon, Cornelis, 115

rhinoceros horns, 30, 213, 217, 219–220, 308

rice, 4, 28, 42, 44, 96, 126, 164, 167–169, 187, 223, 230–231, 239

Rodrigues, Joao, 55, 97, 143, 225, 227

Rodriguez, Andre, 67

ronin, 81

Russia, 13, 112

rusun jars, 53, 220–221

Ryukyu Islands, 2, 4, 30–31, 35, 45, 57–59, 72, 83, 192, 197–198, 219, 232, 248

Saar, John, 128

Sado Island, 97, 99, 104, 106, 224

Saenen, Cornelis van, 162

Sakai, 9, 52, 62, 65, 84, 120, 144, 241

sakoku, 1–5, 30–35, 58, 70, 75, 79, 115–120, 159, 164, 192, 206, 227, 232, 239, 241, 246–247

saltpeter, 232

Sanda, Francisco, 32, 94, 259

sandalwood, 30, 119, 125, 128, 169, 170–171, 177, 187, 206, 212–214, 308

sankin-kotai (alternate attendance),, xvii, 255

Santvoort, Melchior van, 87, 49, 127, 215

Sao Tomé, 211

Saris, John, 4, 16, 35, 133, 240

Satsuma, 35, 56–57, 65, 194, 197, 224–226, 232, 241

Scandinavia, 13, 37

Schelde River, 15

Sekigahara, 11, 32, 56–57, 80, 85, 93, 99, 241

Sendai, 65

Seville, 109–110