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Chanoyū Japanese ritualized way of drinking tea. Often called the “tea ceremony” in the west.

Cruzado A Portuguese gold coin with a weight of 3.45 grams.

Dagregister The official VOC diaries kept in the trading posts by the chief merchant.

Daikan A middle ranking official in the shogunal government. Usually translated as “intendant.”

Eenhoorn Early modern Dutch name for a rhinoceros, although it can also refer to a unicorn.

Factorij A VOC trading post in Asia. Fudai DaimyoDaimyo who were either related to or historically allied to the Tokugawa and consequently the most trusted of the Tokugawa vassals.

Generale Missiven Letters (reports) sent from Batavia to the Herren Zeventien concerning the affairs of the VOC in Asia.

Gulden A standard unit of Dutch silver currency that was established in 1581. One Gulden is equal to twenty stuivers.

Han A domain in Tokugawa Japan. Each han was ruled by a daimyo.

Haringbuis A ship used from the 16th century in Holland that revolutionized the herring industry. It was characterized by three masts and was quite broad in order to accommodate larger loads.

Hatamoto A rank of samurai retainer in Tokugawa Japan that literally means “bannerman.”

Herren Zeventien The council of seventeen merchants that was responsible for making policy for the VOC. The seventeen directors were drawn from the major commercial centers in the Netherlands, notably Amsterdam and Zeeland.