Jiang Shunyi, xvii, 201

Journey to the West,, xi, 8, 73, 98, 147

Joyce, James, 199

Kafka, Franz, 147–148

Kant, Immanuel, 168, 172, 193, 214

Laozi, 5, 17, 30–31, 40, 52, 88, 100, 113, 125, 189, 261, 265, 279

Li Zehou, 56, 293–294

Liang Qichao, xii, 9

Lu Xun, 5, 30–31, 53, 69, 80, 91, 97, 123, 169, 177, 187, 240, 275, 292

A Brief History of Chinese Fiction,, 201–203

The Historical Changes in Chinese Fiction,, 201–202

Marx, Karl, 138, 159, 169

May Fourth, xii, 34, 74, 115–116, 190, 199, 241

Mencius, 38, 209, 293

Middle Way School, 268–269, 272

Neo-Confucianism, 105

Nie Gannu, xv, 3, 245

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 30, 63, 112, 147, 173, 230, 275

Thus Spake Zarathustra,, 69

Peach Blossom Fan,, 9, 124, 141–142, 167, 191, 260, 265

Plum in the Golden Vase,, xi, 44–45, 73–74, 96, 103–104, 120–121, 131, 150, 201, 262

Pushkin, Alexander Sergeevich, 84, 111–112, 173

Qu Yuan, 65, 73, 110–112, 121, 193–194, 234, 240

Records of the Grand Historian,, 7, 37, 40, 123, 131–132, 175

Romance of the Three Kingdoms,, 8–9, 40, 103, 107, 116–120, 123, 139–141, 145, 167, 169, 175

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 190, 199

Russell, Bertrand, 118, 262

Sakyamuni, 14, 20, 80, 87, 143, 166, 273–274

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 30, 178, 182, 260, 276

Shakespeare, William, xi, 4–5, 7, 14, 105, 161, 170

Hamlet,, 110

Othello,, 236

Shu Wu, 204

Spengler, Oswald, 8, 139

sunyata, 44–45, 66–67, 71, 93, 97–100, 127, 149–150, 166, 284, 289–291

Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming), 5, 20, 27, 70, 74, 94, 97–98, 113–114, 121, 133

Taoism, 21, 27, 31, 109, 142, 269, 292–293, 296

Tolstoy, Lev, 4–5, 7, 11, 76, 102, 111, 124, 161

Resurrection,, 43, 75, 199

War and Peace,, 57

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich, 111

Wang Guowei, xii–xiii, xvii, xx–xxi, 9, 29, 31, 44–45, 71, 80–81, 103, 113, 122, 124, 140–146, 149, 157–158, 166–167, 177–180, 182–184, 187, 191, 260, 265, 268, 272, 276