Finally, was the issue of free trade, ostensibly settled in 1846, more important than educational historians have previously allowed? G. A. N. Lowndes concludes that to go on repeating that the British workman are the best in the world would be vain, unless
the goods he made could surmount tariff barriers because they were better designed, more skillfully advertised, more durable, and more up to date than those with which they competed. England in fact must forever be seeking to anticipate the market or produce goods requiring a degree of scientific precision unattainable, at similar cost, elsewhere.63