access and legitimacy perspective, 54–55

advanced countries, xvii, 14–15, 43, 96, 152, 159, 162–164

advanced economies. See advanced countries

affective effects of diversity, 30

Africa

impact of ethnic diversity on economic growth, 16–17

Alesina, Alberto, 1–2, 9–11, 14, 19–23, 93, 103–104, 106, 120, 146n9, 162

Amabile, Teresa, M., 32–34, 65

Arcand, Jean-Louis, 17

Atlas Narodov Mira (Bruk & Apenchenko),, 103

benefits of size, 10–13

benefits of variety, 12–13, 20–21, 30–31, 33–34, 65

bicultural individuals. See bilingual individuals

bilingual individuals

higher level of cognitive flexibility of, 39

stronger divergent thinking of, 40

higher tolerance for ambiguity of, 37

Bion, Wilfred R., 41

Borjas, George, 43

breaking up of multiethnic statesSee also secessions; separatism, 11, 162

broad definition of nationhood, 77, 82

Business Cycles (Schumpeter),, 26

business start-ups by minorities and immigrants

in Australia, 46

in France, 47

in Germany, 47

in Sweden, 46

in United Kingdom, 47

in United States, 45–46

Chadwick, Ken, 36

channels of creativity, 31

civic nationalism, 78

cognitive effects of diversity, 30–31

cognitive psychologists, 33, 53

Collier, Paul, 17, 19

conditioning variables. See intervening variables

consociational democracy, 23

contingency theorySee also contingency/resource-based theory, 63, 64

contingency/resource-based theory, 37

correlations of variables, 110, 113, 120–121, 123, 169, 177, 182, 191, 197

costs of heterogeneity of preferences, 10, 21

Cox, Taylor, 35

creative synergy, 34, 65

creativity, xvii–xviii, xix, 2–3, 6, 12, 20, 27, 29–36, 39–40, 42, 50–51, 56, 58–59, 61, 63–65, 70–71, 83