central governments, 2

central water board (CWB), 37–38

centralization, 2, 26, 29, 122, 262, 267, 272–273, 296–297, 300, 315, 320

chairperson, 78, 81, 117, 234

charco-dams, 27, 115, 174–175

chief, 100, 105, 114, 130–132, 136, 191, 235, 241

civil war, 221

clan (Bakaya),, 177

clan elders, 138, 140, 209

climate, 43

codes of conduct, 3, 5–6

coexistence, 243

collective action, 61, 67

colonial rule, 24

colonization, 3

comanagement, 242–243

commercial activities, 52

commercialization of agriculture, 29

common ownership, 118

common water rights, 34

common-pool resources, 56, 65, 118, 126, 251

communal, 34–35, 48, 59–60, 99, 106–107, 137, 186, 243–244

communal property, 60, 186, 243

community, 2, 4, 6, 11, 13–15, 26–27, 29, 34–35, 55, 57, 59–67, 70, 80–84, 89–90, 96, 98, 105–107, 111, 116, 118–120, 126, 130, 132–134, 137–138, 140, 142, 144, 147–150, 153–155, 157–160, 173–175, 177, 183, 186, 188, 194, 198–200, 204, 209, 214, 220, 231–232, 234–235, 239–240, 242–246, 249–250, 254–255, 257, 259–262, 264

community (continued)

members, 60, 64–65, 67, 70, 84, 89–90, 96, 111, 118–119, 132–133, 140, 142, 144, 147–150, 155, 157–160, 173, 175, 177, 183, 199, 232, 235, 239–240, 242, 244–245, 250, 255, 260–261, 264

norms, 59, 120

ownership and management (COM), 26

community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), 261

community-owned water sources, 108–116

community-yoke thesis, 55, 62, 209, 250, 254

competition, 13, 27, 67, 232

complement, 5, 8, 15, 66, 69, 84, 142, 250, 253

compliance, 6–7, 15, 39, 69, 72, 80, 84–94, 116, 138, 143, 157–159, 165–167, 175–177, 179–180, 182–183, 185–189, 191, 243, 245, 253–257

conceptual frameworks, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67

conflict, 96, 232–238

constitution, 291, 324

control rights, 31

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 229

co-occupancy, 200–201

corporate groups, 119

corruption, 248, 296, 310

cowshed gate, 103–104

credit association, 92, 183, 187, 189