| Chapter 1: | Introduction |
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Figure 1.2. Map of Africa showing water scarcity and water stress in the year 2025.
Source. Clarke 1999.47
Without sustainable water management, communities will continue to experience water scarcity and water stress. Water scarcity and stress cause a chronic and widespread shortage of water that affects human health, blocks development, deepens inequality, and undermines the survival of the entire society.48 Moreover, water scarcity and stress cause competition and trigger conflict among different water users. These conflicts can occur within a community or between villages, districts, regions, and even countries. With the current state of affairs, Tanzania and other African countries need to take corrective measures to avoid the deterioration of the water resources.
1.5. Anticipated Outcomes
The findings of this study will serve as the basis for formulating policies and programs that include customary institutions in the management of rural water resources in Tanzania.