ecosystem management, 194

effectiveness, 7, 9, 15, 36, 62, 65, 69, 79–80, 96, 231, 253

elders, 135

election, 78, 227, 284, 289, 309, 317

electricity, 108

elites, 2, 5, 61–62, 185, 248

Employment Ordinance, 203

empowerment, 259, 297, 317

enforcement, 5–6, 9, 62, 64, 72, 79–81, 85, 87, 91, 116, 129, 246, 248, 250, 257

environment, 25–26, 29–30, 61, 64, 67, 76, 80, 137, 194, 199, 221, 224, 239, 244, 257–258, 261

environmental

conservation, 26, 83

ethic, 194

management, 29–30, 258

environmental-impact assessment, 26

equal opportunities, 199

equal rights, 201, 237, 251

equitable water allocation, 68, 150, 166

equitable water access, 15, 143–144, 147, 149, 157, 160, 193, 262

equity, 96, 144, 262

ethics, 3, 60, 282, 299

evil-market thesis, 55, 63, 244

exclusion, 6, 31, 33, 63, 110, 121, 146, 201

exclusive rights, 111

expulsion, 6

family ties, 199

famine, 100, 126, 128

farming, 23, 43, 52, 54, 90, 180, 191, 210, 252, 259

farmland, 98, 150–151, 255

fees

annual maintenance, 145

application, 251–252

membership, 40–41, 108, 119, 145, 224

user, 34, 251–252

field research, 244

financial capital, 90, 93–94

financial elites, 2

fine, 177

focus group, 14, 70, 73, 76–81, 83–85, 100, 102, 106, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120, 127–129, 132, 134, 137, 146, 148, 150, 154, 156, 162–163, 166, 168–170, 172–175, 177–178, 185–186, 188, 190, 201–203, 205–207, 209–218, 220–221, 225–226, 233–238, 240–241, 244–246, 248–249, 251, 254

food

and cash crops, 49, 73, 196

production, 1, 92, 94, 182–183, 187, 189

security, 29, 254

formal

judgments, 229

rules, 5

title, 199, 209

free access, 25, 35, 106, 119, 145

free riders, 48, 296, 328

freshwater, 10, 19

gardening, 54

gender, 88, 92–94, 96, 151, 182–183, 187, 189, 195–196, 198, 200–201, 207, 210–212, 216–217, 221, 223, 225–229, 257, 274–276, 285, 287–294, 299, 303–304