crisis management, 30, 40

cultural

barrier, 82

constraints, 224

norms, 3, 6

culture, 6, 19, 22–23, 26, 28–29, 43, 48–49, 54, 60, 75, 78–80, 82, 86, 90, 95, 122, 156, 180–181, 184–185, 195–196, 198, 202, 208, 210, 212, 215–217, 220–222, 226, 235, 254, 256, 259–260, 264, 271–272, 274–277, 285, 288, 292, 304, 306, 309–311, 314, 321, 324–325

customary

institutions, 63–64

land rights, 28, 31–32, 202

land-tenure, 7, 31–32

laws, 3, 178, 202, 217, 245

leaders, 78, 80–81, 118, 127–128, 173, 190, 203, 244

water management laws, 118, 183

customs, 6–7, 28, 59, 80, 88, 95, 100, 102, 138, 144, 147, 185, 208, 242, 247, 250, 257, 262, 264

cutting trees, 173–174, 177

Dagashida,, 78–79, 81, 129, 134–137, 140, 142, 174, 185, 225–226, 233, 235–236, 240–241, 245

dams, 115, 118

de facto institutions, 8

decentralization, 2, 29, 267, 272–273, 296–297, 300, 315, 320

decision-making, 5, 29, 33, 65, 68, 90, 95–96, 99, 136, 144, 194, 210, 223–224, 226–228, 240–242, 258–261, 263–264

deep wells, 108

deforestation, 280, 283, 291, 303, 314

demand responsive approach (DRA), 26

dependency, 259

developed wells, 107, 233

development program, 221

direct observation, 82

discrimination, 229, 293, 303–304

disputes, 9, 30, 39, 40, 129, 138, 201, 234–238, 246, 252, 260

district councils, 26, 30, 39

divorce, 129, 201–202, 205, 214, 238

domestic

chores, 197, 213–216

tasks, 214–215

water, 24, 41, 77, 79, 107–108, 116–117, 120, 122, 146–149, 151, 155, 158, 160–163, 165–166, 169, 172, 176–178, 213, 222, 224, 234, 263

water supply, 107, 163

water user groups, 77–79, 117, 122, 177, 224, 234

dominant group, 220

drought, 28, 30, 40, 100, 106, 126–127, 207

dry season, 51, 106–109, 111–112, 114, 117, 137, 146, 150–153, 155, 164, 210, 216, 233–234, 263

ecofeminism, 195

ecological degradation, 196

ecological health, 194

economic system, 6

economic water scarcity and stress, 11