negotiation

as a preferred method of dispute settlement, 91–92, 94, 128, 156–157, 174, 192, 194, 201, 207n5, 267, 289, 307, 312, 316–317, 319, 340–341

duty to conduct negotiation in good faith, 70, 151, 153, 157–158, 160–161, 162n4, 164n38, 165n64, 190–192, 207n5, 267, 304, 306–308, 311–313, 317, 333n279

duty to offer, 3, 8, 81, 92, 114, 150–151, 153–161, 190–191, 204, 215, 223, 286, 289, 312–313, 321

effects of ongoing negotiation, 9, 70, 92, 94–95, 100, 109, 114, 158–159, 161, 189–192, 215, 306, 308, 311–312

Netherlands, 159, 292–293

Nicaragua Case,, 36–37, 43, 48n78, 133, 145n77, 177, 186n63, 206

Nobel Peace Prize, 341

nonjusticiable disputes, 32, 34, 36–39, 48n74

non-repetition, right to demand, 136, 138

Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO), 241–247, 249–250, 257n98, 258n112

Norway, 31, 47n57, 222, 225, 229–240, 247, 249, 254n74, 255nn77–78, 255n82

Nuclear Test Case,, 41, 206

Nuclear Weapons Case,, 60

offending state, 3–4, 8, 17, 31, 67, 71, 73–74, 76, 81, 88, 109, 114, 117–123, 127, 130–132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 149–152, 154–156, 158–161, 162n4, 167–169, 177–179, 181, 191, 193, 199–202, 204, 214–215, 222–223, 240, 271, 282, 286, 289, 312–313, 321

Oilseeds Agreement Case,, 273

Oppenheim, L., 16–17, 23, 35, 71, 73, 131–132, 151–152, 169, 174, 177

Pakistan, 297, 299, 301, 309

Panama, 242, 327n107

Pauwelyn, Joost, 269, 273, 275, 277, 280, 283

peremptory norms, 8, 81, 170–173, 185n45, 215, 283

persona non grata,, 98

political disputes, 33–35, 98, 290

political justification, 2, 7, 17, 71, 108

political question doctrine, 38, 40

Portugal, 87–88, 138, 147n106, 261n167

preferential rights, 91–92

principle of noninterference, 24, 42

property rights, 72–73, 103n1, 140, 167–169, 172

proportionality

approximation, 9, 92–94, 175, 180–181, 215

negative or positive formulation, 180–181

of countermeasures, 4, 7–9, 70, 78–79, 81, 88–89, 91–94, 100–101, 109, 113–114, 119–120, 122–133, 136, 173–182, 186n63, 194, 200–201, 214–215, 222–223, 249, 267, 275, 281–283, 290, 296, 320

two-point approach, 174, 177, 179