Countermeasures, the International Legal System, and Environmental Violations: When Two Wrongs Make A Right for the Environment
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(iv) Priority and Proportionality

281

(v) A Fusion of Article XX and the Countermeasures Doctrine?

284

(c) The Tuna Dolphin Case of 1991 (Tuna I)

286

(i) Summary

286

(ii) Facts and Analysis

287

(iii) Concluding Remarks

292

(d) The Tuna Dolphin Case of 1994 (Tuna II)

292

(i) Summary

292

(ii) Facts and Analysis

293

(iii) Concluding Remarks

297

(e) The Shrimp/Turtle Case of 1998 and 2001

297

(i) Summary

297

(ii) Facts and Analysis: Shrimp/Turtle I

298

(iii) Facts and Analysis: Shrimp/Turtle II

305

(iv) Additional Analysis Relating tothe Elements of Countermeasures

310

(f) Highly Migratory Fish Stocks: Chile/EC Sword-fish Dispute

314

(i) Summary

314

(ii) Facts and Analysis

314

(iii) Concluding Remarks

319

Chapter 16: Conclusions on Case Studies

337

General Conclusions

339

Bibliography

345

Treaties and International and Domestic Documents (Chronological Order)

345

(a) Multilateral Instruments

345

(b) Other Treaties

352

(c) International Courts or Arbitration

353