diaspora, 174

discrimination, 164, 183–186

East Asia, 94, 103, 108, 110, 119, 127, 131, 137, 142, 145, 156, 160, 183, 209, 214

education

advantages of, 79, 81, 136–137, 161, 171–173, 203–204

agents/consultants, 33, 59, 68–69, 87, 120–122, 140, 213

benchmarking, 16, 23, 25–26, 35, 46, 57, 119

branding, 5–6, 16, 26, 31–32, 49, 56, 118–119, 202, 208

devaluing, 79, 118, 170, 213

examinations, 4, 21, 23, 30, 35, 38, 60, 84–85, 87–88, 96, 129–132, 136, 160, 167–168, 208, 210, 213

industry, 45, 124

markets, 50, 53, 57

standardisation in, 16, 23, 35–36, 46

Western, 1, 64–65, 85, 89, 117, 145, 157, 160

Educational Testing Service, 35

embodied cultural capital, 8–10, 13, 162–165, 171–172, 185

emigration. See migration

employability, 17, 80–81, 135–136, 186, 189–191, 198, 201, 205–206, 209, 212

employers, 2–3, 5, 17, 39, 96, 117–118, 136, 155–160, 162, 164, 167–168, 175–176, 178–179, 182, 201, 203, 212

English language, 5, 9, 23, 30, 32, 35–36, 39–40, 58, 60, 63–64, 68, 95–97, 100–101, 107, 117–119, 136, 147, 149, 157–162, 164–165, 167, 170, 172, 182, 184–185, 211

ethnicity

Chineseness, 171

exclusionary tacticsSee also social exclusion, 7, 38, 65, 109

failure (in examinations), 5, 40, 78, 85, 87–88, 102, 129–137, 156, 210–211

family roles, 106, 142

foreign students. See international students

geographies, 14–15, 25, 33, 61, 72, 119, 210

globalisation, 34, 59, 121, 165

graduates

overseas-educated, 15, 136, 145, 162, 166–167, 174, 179, 182, 190–191, 206, 211–212

Granovetter, M., 10, 62, 151, 174

habitus, 12, 77, 103, 105, 110, 121, 146–147, 150, 175

higher education

funding crisis in, 26, 208

internationalisation of, 16, 23, 27–28, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 46–51, 53, 55–57, 61–62, 64–66, 71–75, 182, 207–208, 213, 215

higher education institutions

ranking of, 16, 25, 35, 37, 119–121, 126, 146, 182, 201, 206, 208, 210