Socrates Program, 75, 86, 92

Soviet Union, 14, 63, 74, 118, 161

State Planning Organization, 89, 92

Sultan Abdulhamid, 15

sun-language theory, 12, 108

supranationalism, 4, 28–29, 122

Swiss code of culture, 16

Tanzimat, 15

teacher union, 140

textbook, 2, 61–62, 64–66, 69–70, 79, 81, 89, 97–98, 153, 163, 169

Theodore Brameld, 27

Third World, 28, 78, 86

Tbilisi Initiative, 56, 58

transnational, 3–4, 31, 75–76

Treaty of Amsterdam, 52

Treaty of Rome, 37, 48

treaty. See Treaty of Rome; Treaty of Amsterdam,

Tuevini, 129

Turkish Historical Society, 93

Turkish Military Forces (TMF), 97

Turkish Ministry of National Education, 154

European Union Desk, 8

Advisory Council, 8

Turkish Prime Minister, 107

Turks, 11–12, 14–16, 19, 29, 33, 168

Turkey, 1–21, 26–29, 31–36, 38, 41–42, 54, 59, 75, 84, 88–89, 91–95, 103–108, 111–116, 118, 121–124, 127–131, 134, 139–140, 147, 149, 161–165, 167–169

Turkish education system, 8, 88, 108, 116, 123, 132, 165, 167

Turkey (continued)

Ministry of National Education, 8, 84, 91, 111, 114, 129, 139

Turkish National ProgramSee also State Planning Organization (SPO), 19

Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM), 92

Turkism, 15–16

ultranationalist, 18

UNESCO, 60, 74, 78, 114, 119

United Nations (UN), 49

United States (US), 27, 69, 73, 131, 162

Van, 131

Village Institutes, 108

virtual journey

Vygotskian constructivism, 24

Western, 10–16, 31, 47, 53–54, 67, 108, 113, 115, 118, 120, 122, 149, 161, 165

civilization, 12, 15–16, 108

countries, 149, 165

democracy, 13

Westernization, 14

World War II, 28, 46, 60, 85

Youth for Europe Program, 77, 86

Youth and History Project, 54, 91

Ziya Gökalp, 15

Ziya Selcuk, 91