The Evolution from Horse to Automobile: A Comparative International Study
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The Evolution from Horse to Automobile: A Comparative Internation ...

Chapter 1:  Converting Consumers: The Conceptual Dependence of Controversial Artifacts
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The regularity with which new materials are handled and worked in imitation of displaced, older ones has led anthropologists to coin a word to designate the phenomenon: skeuomorphism. A skeuomorph is an element of design or structure that serves little or no purpose in the artifact fashioned from the new material but was essential to the object made from the original material.11

Basalla does not explore why old components become incorporated into new artifacts, but he does attribute selection decisions to “selecting agents,” those “productive individuals capable of making the choices and changes needed to shape the material world as they see fit.”12 For instance, he attributes the diffusion of the gasoline automobile to a group of U.S. Midwesterners who saw an opportunity to exploit their region’s natural and industrial resources. The Midwest was rich in hardwood. It was the nation’s center for carriage and wagon production, with an infrastructure ready to build the body of the motorcar. It was also home to companies with experience manufacturing stationary gasoline engines. These resources put the Midwest at a competitive advantage for gasoline car production.

Thus selectors, such as these Midwestern businessmen, are an enterprising group with the independence to choose which artifacts are to be mass-produced. Basalla suggests that any artifact could be widely distributed through the sponsorship of this select group:

The selectors do not represent all segments of society nor are they necessarily concerned with the public’s welfare. However, they have the freedom to decide which of the competing novelties would be replicated and incorporated into cultural life.13

While Basalla touches on how decisions are made by a select few, it is not clear how or why others would follow their lead. Why would the rest of society accept and even purchase an artifact that a select few have decided to replicate and diffuse?