The Evolution from Horse to Automobile: A Comparative International Study
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Endnotes

1. According to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, the word “motorcar,” meaning “automobile,” dates from about 1890.
2. For discussions on the anticar crusade, see Ronald R. Kline, Consumers in the Country: Technology and Social Change in Rural America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), esp. chapter 2. Also, Ronald R. Kline and Trevor Pinch, “Users as Agents of Technological Change: The Social Construction of the Automobile in the Rural United States,” Technology and Culture 37, no. 4 (1996): 768–95.
3. Charles E. Duryea, “As It Was in the Beginning,” The Automobile, January 7, 1909, 47.
4. R. H. Thurston, “The Automobile or Horseless Carriage,” Collier’s, April 28, 1900, 9.
5. George Basalla, The Evolution of Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 139.
6. Colonel H. S. Stewart, “Mechanization and Motorization: The Final Chapter Has Not Been Written,” The Cavalry Journal 49, no. 217 (January–February 1940): 41.
7. Duryea, “As It Was in the Beginning,” 47.
8. Robert K. Yin, Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994), 46.
9. Pamela Walker Laird, “The Car Without a Single Weakness: Early Automobile Advertising,” Technology and Culture 37, no. 4 (1996): 797.
10. United States, War Department, Office of the Chief of Staff, Cavalry Service Regulations, United States Army (experimental), 1914 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1914).
11. United States, War Department, Office of the Chief of Staff, Cavalry Drill Regulations, 1916, War Department Document No. 340 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1917).
12. United States, Philippine Commission, 1899–1900, Jacob Gould Schurman, George Dewey, Elwell Stephen Otis, Charles Denby, and Dean C. Worcester, Report of the Philippine Commission to the President, January 31, 1900[–December 20, 1900], 4 vols. (Washington, DC: GPO, 1900, 1901).