Peace Agreements and Civil Wars in Africa: Insurgent Motivations, State Responses, and Third Party Peacemaking in Liberia, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone
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Aikhomu, Admiral Augustus, 89, 92

Akinyemi, Bolaji, 258

Akosombo, 123

Akosombo Peace Accord, 46, 103

and Armed Forces of Liberia, 123

exclusion of factions, 123–124

provisions of, 123–124

Jerry Rawlings role, 122–124

weaknesses of, 123–124

All-Liberian Conference, 63, 65–66

NPFL proposals, 67

All People’s Congress (APC), 221

Amnesty International (AI), 306

Amin, Idi, 169

Anafu, Moses, 238

Annan, Kofi, 196, 241, 254

Antonio, Daniel, 232

Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL), 51

counterinsurgency, 52–53

massacre of civilians, 53, 115

U.S. aid to, 52

Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC), 216–217, 251–255, 275, 285, 291

abductions by, 307

against restoration of Kabbah, 259–260, 263

appeal for UN mediation, 267

clashes with ECOMOG, 272–274

clashes with Kamajor,, 272

clashes with RUF, 271, 308

coup d’état, 251–252

delegation to Ghana, 261

delegation to Ivory Coast, 261, 263

demands for negotiations, 264

demonstrations against, 253

diplomatic isolation of, 254–256, 262, 267

Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) (continued)

international condemnation of, 254–255

naming of ruling council, 259

Nigerian views of, 257

ousted from power, 273–274

and power sharing with RUF, 252–253

and rearmament, 272–273

sanctions on, 252, 266–268

search for a mediator, 260–261

suspension of constitution, 252

transition plan, 260–261, 264

Arusha, 164, 183

Arusha Peace Accords, 35, 164

exclusion of extremists, 182

failure of, 165, 197–203

Hutu demonstrations against, 182

Hutu radicals and, 192

‘subversion’ of, 192–193

killings during, 191, 194

implementation of, 189–190, 193

and power sharing, 181–184

signing of, 184

‘spoilers’ in, 188

Tanzanian mediation, 180

shortcomings of, 188–189

Arusha peace negotiations, 180–182

phases of, 180–181

RPF attacks during, 183

RPF position in, 180, 185

and Government of Rwanda, 164, 173–174, 180

stalemate during, 182–184

Tutsi killings during, 183

Asomoah, Obed, 139

Assembly of National Unity (ANU), 67

Aziza, Major-General Patrick, 259