Protocol relating to Mutual Assistance on Defence, 58

PSD. See Social Democratic Party

Quainoo, General Arnold, 59

Quayle, Dan, 88

Quiwonkpa, Major General Thomas, 51

Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM),, 191

Rawlings, Jerry, 46, 56, 149, 296

Abuja Summit (1995), 136

Akosombo Peace Accord, 122

as ECOWAS chairman, 122–124

threat of ECOMOG withdrawal, 149

Refell, Victoria, 137

“regional security complexes,”, 36

Republican Democratic Movement, 181–182

Revolutionary United Front (RUF), 36, 216–217, 219, 275, 283

executions by, 285

demonstrations against, 311

factions in, 242–243, 328

and guerrilla war, 226, 286–288

invasion of Freetown (1999), 292–293

military defeat, 226–227, 236

“Operation No Living Thing,”, 290

opposition to UN peacekeeping, 217, 241–242

opposition to elections (1996), 229, 232–233

reaction to NPRC coup, 225–226

reasons for invasion (1991), 221

rejection of NPRC peace offers, 229–230

Revolutionary United Front (RUF) (continued)

rejection of disarmament, 308

reorganization of, 287–288

UNAMSIL disarmed by, 309–310

military victories of (1998), 291–292

“ripe” moment

in Azerbaijan civil war, 26

definition of, 25, 326

factors indicating, 26–28

and mutually hurting stalemate, 28–30, 326

in Mozambique civil war, 27

and valid spokespersons, 29

in Zimbabwe civil war, 28

Robertsfield International Airport, 95, 112

Rogers, Solomon B., 303

RTLM. See Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines

RUF. See Revolutionary United Front

Ruhengeri, 175

Rutayisiri, Lieutenant Colonel, 173

Rwabukumba, Seraphim, 195

Rwanda

Burundi refugees in, 192

economic decline in, 185

history of violence in, 167–168

Hutu manifesto, 167

internal refugees in, 183

PARMEHUTU, 168

repatriation of refugees, 177–178

Rwanda Democratic Party (PADER), 182

Rwandan Armed Forces (RAF), 171, 187

capabilities, 175