Missouri v. Jenkins,, 148

Moore v. Illinois,, 21

motive-based inquiry, 63, 77–78, 120–130, 137, 148, 159, 170–172

Munn v. Illinois,, 84

Nabrit, Jr., James M., 131

National Association for the Ad-vancement of Colored People, 114, 117, 135, 147

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan,, 178–179

Nixon, Richard, 141

North Carolina State Board of Education v. Swann,, 138

Northwest Territory, 4, 27

Obama, Barack, 187–188

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 165–166, 168–169

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1,, 149–150

Parker, John, 128–129

Parks, Rosa, 133

Pasadena City Board of Education v. Spangler,, 124–125

Patterson v. McLean Credit Union,, 69

People v. Hall,, 111

Plessy v. Ferguson,, 11, 102–106, 117, 128, 131, 164, 188, 193

popular sovereignty, 23

Powell, Lewis, 142–143, 147, 161–162, 166–167, 173

presidential election (1968), 141

presidential election (2008), 187–188

Prigg v. Pennsylvania,, 16–21

Privileges and Immunities Clause (Art. IV), 48–49, 69, 78

Privileges and Immunities Clause (Amend. XIV), 75–83, 93

public accommodations, 88, 90–91

quotas, 162, 174–175

R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul,, 179

racial neutrality, 70, 164–167, 169–170

racial politics, 168

Reconstruction, 33, 41–62, 67–69, 72, 129, 151, 191, 195

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke,, 161–166, 173

Rehnquist, William, 147, 156, 163–164, 175, 188

relocation camps, 117–119

reparations, 119

Republican Party, 23, 29–30, 39, 41, 47, 70

Revels, Hiram, 58

Richmond, City of v. J. A. Croson Co.,, 167–172

Roberts, John, 149, 188

Roberts v. City of Boston,, 11

Roosevelt, Franklin, 56–57, 119

Runyon v. McCrary,, 69

San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez,, 147

Scalia, Antonin, 147, 170, 172, 175

segregation, 3, 82, 101–121, 130, 140, 142–144

Shaw v. Reno,, 178

Sipuel v. Board of Regents,, 115–116

Slaughter-House Cases, 74–83, 86, 88, 94