The Constitution, Race, and Renewed Relevance of Original Intent: Reclaiming the Lost Opportunity of Federalism
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Figure 2.3. A House of Representatives draft of the Fourteenth Amendment as displayed in the National Archives.

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Figure 2.4. Hiram Revels, the first African American elected to the United States Senate in 1870.

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Figure 2.5. The Ku Klux Klan.

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Figure 3.1. The Colfax Massacre.

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Figure 3.2. Justice Stephen Field.

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Figure 3.3. Justice John Harlan.

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Figure 4.1. “Jim Crow” as depicted in a performance in blackface by a white minstrel artist.

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Figure 4.2. A racially segregated bus station in Durham, North Carolina, 1940.

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Figure 4.3. A postcard showing the burned, lynched body of Jesse Washington, Waco, Texas, 1916.

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Figure 4.4. The California gold rush attracted significant numbers of Chinese to the United States in the 1840s.

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Figure 4.5. Persons of Mexican descent were characterized as “white” pursuant to federal treaty.

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