28. Robert Fein, “Intelligence Science Board Study on Educing Information,” Introduction to Educing Information Interrogation: Science and Art (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, June 2006), 6, www.fas.org/irp/dni/educing.pdf, (accessed October 11, 2007).

29. Ibid.

30.Hamdi, 542 U.S. at 507.

31. Ibid., at 519.

32. Michael Isikoff and Mark Hosenball, “Out of the Brig: ‘Enemy Combatant’ Yaser Hamdi Will Soon be Released from a Military Prison without Facing Any Charges,” Newsweek, September 15, 2004, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6012286/site/newsweek/ (accessed September 4, 2007).

33. Ruth Wedgewood, “The Supreme Court and the Guantanamo Controversy,” in Terrorism, the Laws of War, and the Constitution, ed. Peter Berkowitz (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press Publication, 2005), 176.

34. Turner and Schulhofer, The Secrecy Problems in Terrorism Trials, 3–4.

35. Richard B. Zabel and James J. Benjamin, Jr., “In Pursuit of Justice, Prosecuting Terrorism Cases in the Federal Courts,” Human Rights First (May 2008).

36. Kenneth Roth, “After Guantánamo: The Case Against Preventive Detention,” Foreign Affairs (May/June 2008), http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080501facomment87302/kenneth-roth/after-guant-namo.html (accessed June 13, 2008); Kelly Anne Moore, “Take Al Qaeda to Court,” New York Times, August 21, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/opinion/21moore.html (accessed June 15, 2008).

37. Yoo, War by Other Means, 204–230.

38. See, for instance, Amnesty International, USA: Justice Delayed and justice Denied? Trials under the Military Commissions Act (London: International Secretariat, 2007); James Renwick and Gregory Treverton, “The Challenges of Trying Terrorists as Criminals,” RAND Center for Global Risk and Security (2008) www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2008/RAND_CF249.pdf; Turner and Schulhofer, The Secrecy Problems in Terrorism Trials; Zabel and Benjamin, “In Pursuit of Justice.”

39. See, for instance, Padilla ex rel. Newman v. Rumsfeld, 243 F. Supp.2d 42, 49 (S.D.N.Y. 2003); Padilla v. Rumsfeld, 352 F.3d 695 (2d Cir. 2003); Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 542 U.S. 426 (2004); Padilla, 423 F.3d 386 (4th Cir. 2005); Padilla v. Hanft, 547 U.S. 1062 (2006); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 294 F.3d 598 (4th Cir. 2002); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 296 F.3d 278 (4th Cir. 2002); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 316 F.3d 450 (4th Cir. 2003); Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507 (2004); al-Marri v. Wright, 443 F. Supp. 2d 774 (D.S.C. 2006); al-Marri v. Wright, 487 F.3d 160 (4th Cir. 2007), reh’g en banc granted (August 22, 2007); al-Marri v. Pucciarelli, 534 F.3d 213 (4th Cir. 2008) (en banc).