information technology (IT), 4–5, 9–10, 143, 147–150, 152, 161, 235, 248, 252

instrumentality, 19–20, 37, 54–55, 264n60

InternetSee also cyberspace, World Wide Web, 2–4, 9–12, 18, 22–25, 28n13, 135–136, 143, 147–149, 152–155, 162, 168–170, 173n18, 174–175n38, 183, 186–188, 195–196, 221, 223, 227, 233–234, 236–258, 260, 261n1

Islam, 7–8, 126n28, 141–142, 156–159, 225

Jaish-e-Mohammad, 193

Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front, 193

Janata Party, 191

Jews, 126n28

Jones, William, 75–76

Judaism, 141

Kargil, 192

Kashmir, 139, 156, 192–194, 197, 210–211, 222–225, 229–230n41

Kashmiri Pandits, 197

Khalistan, 190–194, 209, 222–224, 226

Khilnani, Sunil, 107, 120, 128n41, 150, 175n53, 191

Lal, Vinay, 11, 34n65, 165, 169, 173n9, 173–174n18

Lashkar-e-Toiba, 193

law, 9, 39, 41, 72–73, 76–77, 83, 91n23, 102, 157–158, 175n38, 177n80, 195, 224–225

“legitimation crisis,”, 19

liberalizationSee also economic reforms, free market, globalization, 9, 11, 21, 135, 143, 145–147, 149, 151, 161–167, 174n34, 175n53, 177n76, 178n89, 222

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 78, 80, 92n44, 92n52

machinery, 99

Mahabharata,, 170

Mahalwari settlement,, 72

Maharashtra, 5, 148

Manusmriti,, 76

Marxism, 8, 52

Mazzini, Guiseppe, 104

mediaSee also new media, 4–6, 24, 61, 144, 148, 169, 237, 241–242, 246–247, 250, 261n1

Meenakshipuram, 156

metacapitalSee also capital, cybercapital, 44, 74, 85, 101, 105, 108, 112, 130n55, 142

Miller, Daniel, 244–245, 253

“Minute on Indian Education,”, 78, 92n44

modernity, 2–4, 20–22, 25, 59, 74, 89, 95–96, 99–101, 104–106, 108–109, 123n1, 123–124n3, 127n34, 128–129n49, 130n55, 146, 152, 176n55, 227, 241, 245, 258–260

Modi, Narendra, 5–6, 26nn4–5, 158

Muslim League, 191

Muslims, 3, 5–8, 13, 76–77, 83, 102–104, 125n18, 126n25, 126n28, 127n31, 129n49, 157–158, 193, 224, 225