National Movement for Reform and Democracy (NMRD), 447

National Programme of Action (NPA), 249–250, 252

National Redemption Front (NRF), 444

nationalism, 24, 26, 36, 41, 177–178, 181, 186–187, 198

continental nationalism, 32

macronationalism, 32

supranationalism, 30

territorial nationalism, 32

trans-territorial nationalism, 32

nation-state, 32, 123, 132–133, 137, 411–412

neoliberalism, 32, 35, 177–178, 184, 186, 194, 198

New African Initiative (NAI), 151–152, 316

New International Economic Order (NIEO), 145, 151, 160

New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), 4, 24, 31, 48, 110, 146, 209, 246, 248, 276, 299, 315, 360, 373, 422

Nkrumah, Kwame, 3, 6, 16, 24, 34, 43, 139, 144, 148, 180

nominal protection coefficient (NPC), 311

nongovernmental organization (NGO), 107, 194, 246, 288

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 156

nutrition, 42, 185, 307–308, 329

Nyerere, Julius Kambarage, 102

Nyong’o, Peter Anyang’, 96

OAU and AU, difference between, 9, 50

OAU Charter, 12, 30, 42, 47, 49, 112, 150–151, 154

OECD Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC), 85

Official Development Assistance (ODA), 334

Organ on Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS), 354, 410, 416

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 84

Organisation of African Unity (OAU), 108, 278, 374

organs of government, 12, 66–67, 90, 113, 115, 154, 158–159, 275, 280, 289–291, 332, 362, 370

pan-Africa/pan-Africanism, 5, 23–26, 28–29, 31, 36–37, 41, 43, 53

pan-African agenda, 3–4

pan-African idea, 23–25, 27, 30–34, 36–37

Pan-African Congresses, 24

Pan-African Parliament (PAP), 12, 14, 67, 276

Peace and Security Council (PSC), 64, 72, 113, 275

Permanent Representatives Committee (PRC), 66, 68, 159

political union, 8, 16, 32, 43, 148

popular participation, 17, 49, 53, 65, 79, 84, 95–118, 162–163, 222, 246, 276, 279, 291, 382

criminalization of, 101, 105

reengagement and struggle for, 101, 106