| Chapter 1: | The Contribution of Rainisoalambo to the Indigenization of the Protestant Churches in Madagascar |
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Endnotes
1. John Baur, 2000 Years of Christianity in Africa: 62–1992, An African History (Nairobi: Pauline Press, 1994), 430.
2. Bonar A. Gow, Madagascar and the Protestant Impact (New York: Africana Publishing Company, 1979), 241.
3. Adolf Thunem, Ny Fifohazana eto Madagasikara (Tananarive: Imprimerie de la Mission Norvegiénne, 1934), 21–42.
4. Radaniela, “Filazana fohifohy ny tantanran-dRainisoalambo,” in Ny Mpamangy (Antananarivo: Trano Printy FLM, May–June 1905), 81.
5. A kingdom in the Betsileo region of Madagascar at the time.
6. This practice of referring to people by the name of their relatives, either parents or children, continues today in Madagascar.
7. Adolphe Rahamefy, Le roi ne meurt pas: Rites Funéraires princiers du Betsileo, Madagascar (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1997), 236.
8. Radaniela, 81.
9. Protestant, when used in Madagascar, refers to the communion begun by LMS missionaries, which eventually became the Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar, known on the island as the FJKM.
10. Françoise Raison-Jourde, Bible et Pouvoir à Madagascar au 19è siècle: Invention d’une identité chrétienne et construction de l’État (Paris: Èditions Karthala, 1991), 840.
11. Lucile Jacquier-Dubourdieu, “Représentation de l’ésclavage et conversion: un aspect du mouvement du réveil à Madagascar,” Cahiers Sciences Humanités 32, 3 (1996): 605.
12. The menalamba uprising was a response to increasing French control of the island prior to the imposition of colonial government and included attacks on missionaries and churches, who were understood by insurgents as a part of what was changing the island and its culture in negative ways. See Øystein Rennemo, “The Menalamba Uprising in the Norwegian Mission Districts,” in Norwegian Missions in African History, vol. 2, Madagascar, ed. Finn Fuglestad and Jarle Simonsen (Oslo: Norwegian University Press, 1986), 126–144.
13. Interview with Ralaimavo Seraphin in Antananarivo and Soatanàna, December 2003 and January 2004.
14. Radaniela, 81.
15. Chase Salmon Osborn, Madagascar: The Land of the Man-Eating Tree (New York: Republic Publishing Company, 1924).
16. Gow, 237.