Sir Stratford Canning, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, 197, 211, 216

Society of Lyons, 83

Spain, 59, 74

St. Bartholomew, 21, 49

St. Peter, 61

St. Thomas, 21, 49

Sulaiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan, 71, 101, 143

Sultan, passim

Sunni Muslims, 98, 157

Sulaiman Beg, 103–104, 180, 182, 187

Sulaimaniyah, 20, 31, 104–106, 174

Sultan Mahmud II, 80, 115, 118, 130, 140, 159, 283

Surspedoo, 43

Syria, 20, 56, 58, 60, 66, 73, 90, 95, 115, 131, 142, 151, 155, 189

Syriac, 11, 16, 18, 20–21, 30, 33–34, 47, 49, 52, 55, 59–60, 65–66, 73, 91–94, 109, 157, 171, 178, 188, 190, 196, 226

Syriac-speaking Christians, 33, 171, 178

Syrian Orthodox Church, 33, 58, 161, 188, 190, 196

Tabriz (Tabreez), 45, 98, 201–202, 244, 247, 252–253

Tanzimat era of the Ottoman Empire, 121–131, 137, 139–148, 283

tax farm (malikame), 122–124, 130

Tekhoma tribe of Assyrians, 2, 8–9, 18, 35, 45, 186, 239–249, 255, 258, 264, 273

Tekhoma district, 3, 12, 40–41, 186, 239–249, 251, 255, 258, 264, 273

Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, 52

Timur Lang, 14, 16, 18–19, 21, 30, 60, 97–99, 210

Tiyari tribe of Assyrians, 1–24, 30, 35, 77, 87, 160–162, 172–177, 179–180, 184, 186, 189, 193, 195–212, 216, 236, 239, 240, 242, 244–245, 249–250, 260–262, 265, 268, 271–273, 279, 281, 284

Tiyari district, 1–24, 33, 35, 41–43, 45, 83–84, 87, 177, 179–181, 185, 187–189, 195–212, 218, 230, 232, 240, 244–245, 249–250, 260, 263, 272, 275, 284, 29–292

tobacco, 41

Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji in 1774, 115, 127, 155

Tur Abdin, 82, 115, 160–162, 170, 190, 249, 257, 259, 261–262, 264

Turkey, 5–6, 12–13, 45, 185–186, 240, 247

Turkish, passim

Turks, 3, 26, 39–40, 43, 60–61, 64, 91, 94–96, 98, 100–101, 118, 157–158, 160, 169, 172, 174–177, 182–184, 190–191, 203

ulema,, 116–117, 124, 131

Ummayad Caliphate, 60

Urhai (Urhay, Edessa, Urfa), 18, 49–51, 65, 94, 96

Urmia (Urmiyah, Ooromiyah), 2, 4–5, 23, 42, 46, 83, 86, 102–103, 201, 245, 247, 253, 287

Wigram, William, 10, 13, 15, 22, 27, 45, 105

Xenophon, 30, 89–90

Yazidis, 20, 96, 157–158, 166, 169, 172–173, 176–177, 189, 192, 233, 259, 261–262, 271

Yohannan Sulaqa, 74–76, 85