The Macedonian Greeks, Judeans, Romans, and Persians would crucify hundreds or thousands of individuals upon suppressing a rebellion or conquering a city. See K. C. Hanson and Douglas E. Oakman, Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflicts (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2002), 92 (Alexander the Great crucified two thousand Phoenicians in Tyre in 332 BC, and the high priest of Judah crucified eight hundred rebel Judean prisoners in 88 BC); John Pairman Brown, Israel and Hellas, vol. 2, Sacred Institutions With Roman Counterparts (New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001), 107 (six thousand prisoners were crucified by Romans af-ter revolt led by Spartacus in about 70 BC, and three thousand were crucified or impaled by Darius the Great after the conquest of Babylon in 521 BC).

5. Such homogenisation tends to elide the differences between distinct ethnic groups such as Assyrians, Kurds, and Arabs. See http://www.aaiusa.org/page/file/6a268f88611a0ed6f2_yzemvy7hy.pdf/NYdemographics.pdf.