Table 1. An instructional strategy framework for online learning environments.

25

Table 2. Reoccurring instructional principles from the background study.

34

Table 3. Class and study participant characteristics.

52

Table 4. Grades: Entire class, participants, and nonparticipants.

61

Table 5. Class and study attrition rates.

62

Table 6. Objectives were clearly specified.

85

Table 7. Objectives were easy to understand.

85

Table 8. Appropriateness of course learning objectives.

86

Table 9. Action plan (learner contract) helped prepare students for the course.

87

Table 10. Students were notified of course changes.

88

Table 11. Appropriateness of course learning objectives.

90

Table 12. Learning related to real-life experiences.

94

Table 13. Variety of learning activities.

97

Table 14. Pretest and course objectives.

100

Table 15. Student attitudes concerning the short quizzes.

102