adolescents, 44, 190

affective filter, 89–92, 259

Africa/Africans, 12–14, 46

African Americans, 231

air falbh (syndrome), 46, 201–202, 212, 235, 255, 264, 275

Albanian, 67

An Comunn Gàidhealach (The Highland Society), 165, 167, 188

An Leabhar Mòr, 178

Anglicization, 9–10

Anglo-Americans, 4, 50–52, 253

Anglo-Saxon, 2–3, 6

Armenian, 67

Asia, 46

assessment (language competency), 97–98, 107, 133, 151, 156–160, 177, 220

Basque, 46, 67, 76, 116–118, 246

BBC Alba, 187

Belgian, 83

Belgium, 71

bilingual education, 3–4, 6, 8–9, 46, 50–52, 55, 82–84, 98, 104–105, 108, 114–115, 140, 150, 270

Book of Kells, 178

bootstrapping, 92

Bòrd na Gàidhlig, xiii, 137–139, 147, 185, 239

Breton (language), 46

Canada, 3, 9, 46, 59, 63, 71–72, 95, 173, 188, 196, 212, 217

cargo cult, 268–272

Catalan, 64–66, 103–105

Catalonia, 65, 103, 105

cèilidh, 178, 189–190, 258, 262, 272

Chinese, 83, 97, 192, 270

Civil Rights, 55, 139

Clearances, Highland, 3, 11, 193, 196, 244

Clì Gàidhlig, 136, 185, 187

Comann nam Pàrant, 148, 246

Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, 143, 149, 185

Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd (Highland Council), 147, 161, 185

Comhairle nan Sgoiltean Àraich (CNSA, the Gaelic Playgroups Association), 147–148, 166

comprehensible input, 90–91

Comunn na Gàidhlig, 147–148, 163, 165

Croatia, 40

Cròileagan, 147, 166–167, 229–230

Cubans, 51

Danes/Danish, 62, 65–69

Declaration of Independence, 53

disruption, 57, 74–75, 234–235

diversity

biodiversity, 27

cultural, 4, 55–56

Dutch, 71

linguistic, 27, 55, 271, 274

England, 2, 5–6, 44, 46, 114, 116, 141, 166, 173, 191, 204, 212, 255, 265