immersion (language), xiv, 15, 60–61, 70, 79–101, 103–105, 107–111, 116–117, 119–120, 133–134, 138, 180–182, 184, 188–189, 198, 200, 205, 210, 224, 237–238, 248, 252

ingroup speech, 44

initiation, 72, 253–254, 257

Iomairt Cholm Cille, 178

Ionad Chaluim Chille, 147, 185

Ireland (Irish people), 5, 9–10, 13, 40, 48, 61, 78, 112–115, 178, 233, 270

Irish (language), 2, 4, 6, 10, 112–114, 204, 228, 233

Italian, 40, 71, 73, 170, 192

James VI, 2, 9, 48

killer language, xiii, 8, 228

language acquisition device, 88–94

language

culture, xiv, 13, 17–20, 31, 34, 43, 48–50, 52, 54, 64, 73–74, 80, 82–83, 89–91, 100, 106, 111, 134, 143, 146, 160, 172, 177, 183, 185, 192, 203, 213, 219, 226, 234–235, 237, 239–240, 242, 245–251, 256–257, 259, 269, 271–272

death, xiii, 6, 23–28, 53, 80, 111, 180, 251

immersion, 79–101, 108, 111, 116, 252

policy, 96, 103–120

revival, 14, 19, 21–22, 28, 62, 64, 66–70, 75, 77–78, 111–112, 120, 146, 180, 184, 190, 197, 210, 233, 236–237

rights, 21, 24, 47–59, 63, 76, 118

Latvian, 68

linguistic racism, 13

Lithuanian, 58

maide-chrochaidh, 15

Mandarin, 83

Māori, 9, 59, 63, 66, 105–106, 237

media, 6–7, 46, 48, 58, 70, 75, 85, 143, 145, 154–155, 168, 178–179, 186–187, 221–222, 229, 231, 234, 237, 240–241, 245, 247, 263, 266, 268, 275

Mexican Americans, 46, 51

Mull, Isle of, 42, 61, 257

National Plan for Gaelic, 138–139

Native American, 59, 96, 99, 244, 268

New Guinea, 27, 46, 270

Nicaragua, 119

Norse, 6

Norwegian, 62, 65–66, 69

Nova Scotia, 186, 188–189, 196, 217

Orthographic Conventions, 136

Pict, 6

population (Gaelic), 140, 145, 149–150, 161, 180, 195, 229–232, 239

Portuguese, 83, 103

Privy Council Act of 1595, 2

Quebec, 49, 55, 59, 71, 73–74, 96, 100, 118–119, 208, 228, 234, 237, 240