abrogation doctrine. See Qu’ran

Afghanistan. See also Taliban, 8, 19, 75–91, 104–105, 107, 110–111, 115, 157, 161n39, 289, 301–302, 305

Africa, 36, 68n3, 69n24

agriculture, 232

ahl al-sunna. See Sunni

Ahmadi, 41, 60

Ahmadiyas, 147–148, 160n36

al-Istiqlal/Independence Party, 49

Allah (God), 21, 23, 64, 160n37, 247n36, 255

All-India Muslim League, 130–131

al-Mahdi, 234

al-Qaeda, 8, 76, 79, 99, 109, 114, 116, 202, 257, 261–263, 301

al-Shura. See also Shura, 164

Ansar, 21, 257

Arab nationalism. See also Islamic militancy, 104, 110, 116, 118

Arabia, 20, 39–40, 221

Arabic (language), 59–60, 101, 165, 265

Asian values. See Confucianism.

Atta, Mohamed, 272

Awami League, 130, 132, 134–141, 147, 159n17, 160n33

Ayatollah, 242, 259

Ayatollah Khomeini, 229, 244n2

Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), 138–143, 148–151, 159n23, 161n46

Bayah, 22

Bengal, 5–6, 169–170, 176

Bhutto, Benazir, 107, 280

Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 101, 107, 159n13

bin Laden, Osama, 78–79, 87, 256–257, 263–264, 281, 301

Britain (England), 221, 226, 233

British India, 99, 130–133, 160n37

Buddhism, Buddhists, 221

Burma. See Myanmar

Caliph, 22, 40, 164, 234

capitalism, 192, 230, 237, 247n32

China

Cultural Revolution, 288

Confucian tradition. See Confucianism

Christianity, 17, 221, 245n12

Christian Arabs, 40–42, 50, 197, 201–202

civil society, 113, 141–142, 149, 155, 192–193, 200, 203–205, 234

Coalition forces, 78, 82, 255–257, 259–261, 269, 275–276, 282n4

Cold War, 5, 128, 134–136, 226, 229

colonialism. See also imperialism, 53, 222, 225, 303

Communist Party of India, 176

Communist Party of Indonesia, 198

Compact of Medina, 20–22, 27n10

Confucianism, 221, 236, 246n30