Al Shabaab, 176

Amharic, 64

Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902). See also Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), 112–115

Anglo-French Boundary Commission of 1889, 97

Angola, 161, 188, 213–214, 221, 224

Annan, Kofi, 24

anthropocentric (environmental) approach, 218

AQIM. See also Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb, al-Aqeda in the Land of the Maghreb, 106, 175

Arab League, 174

Army Chief of Staff General George W. Casey's White Paper, 171

Army Strategy for the Environment, 232

Arroyo, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal, 173

Asia, 179, 205

Assembly of the International Maritime Organization, 207

Association Islamique du Niger, 20

Attika, 89, 92, 101–102, 107–108

Azaouak Liberation Front (FLAA), 19

Badawi, Malaysian Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad, 173

Badiane, Emile, 95

Badji, Ansoumana, 107–108

Balanta, 90

Banjul, 92, 96

Bangladesh, 170

Barrakunda Falls, 97

Barre, Colonel Ibrahim, 18

Barre, Siad, 194

Basse Casamance, 94

benzene (C6H6), 151

Berlin Conference, 96–97

Bignona, 99

Bilma, 25, 29

biodiversity, xiv, 147, 152–153, 155, 157–160, 162–163, 196, 214, 217–218, 222, 225, 231, 233

biomass, 150, 154, 164

Bismarck, Chancellor Otto von, 96

Boer people, 112–115

Bois Sacré . See “Sacred Forest”, 103

Botswana Defense Force, 241

Burundi, 39, 84, 189, 196

Bush administration, 172–173

campfire. See CBNRM

Cape Colony, 113

Cape of Good Hope, 112

Cape Town, 230

Capra, Fritof, 5–6

carbon dioxide (CO2). See also greenhouse gas, 145

carbon-emission mitigation, 142

carbon sinks, 151–152, 163, 165

Casamance, xiii, 89–109

Carter Center, 135

Cavalcanti, Henrique, 12

CBNRM. See also Community-Based Natural Resource Management, 219–220, 223

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 135

Center for Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), 148

Center for Naval Analysis Corporation's National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, 178