527s, 5, 69–72, 82n55, 83n60, 141, 154

Abramowitz, Alan, 46

Abzug, Bella, 19

Alito, Samuel, 154

America Coming Together (ACT), 75, 106

Barakso, Maryann, 7, 19, 24, 32, 81n46, 112n8, 155

Bashevkin, Sylvia, 24

Benson Gold, Rachel, 42

Biersack, Robert, 35, 40n23, 57

Bigelow, Nathan S., 61

BIPAC, 35, 39n14

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA), 105, 114n18

Boatright, Robert G., 70

Boxer, Barbara, 147

Braun, Carol Mosley, 136–137, 146n1

Brazaitas, Tom, 26, 60, 146n3

Brewer, Sarah, xiii, 46

bundling. See also EMILY's List, bundling, 11n2, 28–29, 14n18

Burns, Nancy, 63, 88, 95

Burrell, Barbara, 11n1, 22, 32, 35, 43–44, 47, 57

Bush, George H. W., 24

Bush, George W., 62, 137, 154

Cahill, Mary Beth, 49, 138

campaign finance

brokers, 28–29

direct contributions, 5, 16, 29, 54–56, 143, 151–152

early money, 47, 57, 79n25

in-kind contributions, 5, 16, 29, 54–56, 137, 151–152

independent expenditures, 5, 16–17, 54, 115n27, 137, 151

issue advocacy, 33, 72

soft money, 2, 33, 65–66, 70, 105

Campaign Finance Institute, xiv, 112n6

candidates

challenger, 22, 36, 47, 59, 117–131

credibility, 48–51

incumbents, 22, 36, 44, 47, 62, 118–133, 136, 149

open seat candidates, 44, 47, 59, 117–120, 123, 125, 131

patrons, 61, 121, 132, 154

Capek, Mary Ellen, 115n28

Carroll, Susan, 44

Carter, Jimmy, 26, 161n7