journalism, iv, 1, 6–7, 14–15, 17, 22–23, 32, 37, 46, 64, 94–95, 142, 257–258, 304–305, 313, 315, 323n49, 363n738, 421, 427

Karl, Rebecca, 13, 35, 79, 321n21, 321n23, 330n168, 330n170, 416

Kang Tongwei, 40, 43, 45, 324n62, 421

Kang Youwei, 34, 36, 40–41, 60, 79

kinship, 26, 41, 153, 351n524, 360n681, 423, 426

Ko, Dorothy, 12, 30–31, 320n17

The Ladies Journal (Funü zazhi), ix, 100, 179–180, 182, 227, 306, 321n26, 423, 429

Landes, Joan B., 17, 322n31, 420

Lean, Eugenia, 19, 291, 323n39

Legge, James, 32

legal reforms, 24, 208, 217, 242, 246, 248, 254, 264, 274–276

legal equality, 36, 265, 272–273, 313

Legislative Yuan, 273–276, 278

“Lessons for Women” (Nüjie), 26, 29, 50

Liang Huijin, 274, 351n525, 358n655, 387

liberal feminists, 4, 7, 15, 155, 161, 185, 187, 259, 271, 313

liberty, 34, 106, 115, 117, 128, 142, 149, 158, 230, 269, 282, 340n328, 393

Li Dazhao, 154, 182, 196, 221, 341n348, 385

Li Fanzeng, 142, 340n329, 385

Li Huixian, 43, 45

L’Impartial (Dagongbao), 66, 95, 114–115

literati (wenren), 33–34, 363n726, 390

literary women (cainü), 1, 3–4, 12, 28, 30–31, 48, 63

Li Yichao, 195–196, 348n478–479, 386, 406

Li Youning, 62, 79, 99, 320n9, 327n115, 330n167, 330n178, 332n208, 386, 421

Li Yuan, 62

Li Yuanhong, 129, 132, 284–287

Li Zhishan, ix, 165–167, 170, 181, 190, 192–200, 260, 265–266, 271–273, 285, 310, 343n390–391, 344n400, 348n477–478, 348n484, 357n632, 357n644, 364n753, 386, 409, 422

Liang Hualan, 154, 341n353, 387

Liang Qichao, 34, 36, 40–41, 43, 49, 55, 73, 76, 79, 169, 324n54, 325n77–78, 328n142, 387

Lien Lingling, 268, 357n637, 364n750, 422

Lin Pengxia, 303, 363n731, 376

Lin Yutang, 94, 233, 300, 323n44, 323n50, 324n56, 324n63, 326n94, 332n205, 362n722, 410

Lin Zongsu, 56, 61, 74, 99, 103, 108–110, 326n100, 327n109, 329n150, 334n233, 334n237–238, 388–389, 416

Liu Baizhao, 214

Liu Hengjing, 237–239, 354n577, 354n580–581, 389

Liu Heying, 284, 295, 360n680, 396

Liu Jinggui, 195, 290–291, 361n697–699, 368, 380