Pan Guangdan, 299, 362, 719, 389

Pan Xuan, 25, 45, 48–49, 51, 54, 325n76, 325n83, 326n91, 393

Pankhurst, Emmeline, 123

parliamentary politics, 94

party lines, 2, 14–15

The People's Independence News (Minlibao), 105–106, 122, 132–133, 136, 430

People's Lives Daily (Mingsheng ribao), 120

patriarchy, 2, 4, 14, 16, 45, 147, 149, 153–154, 205, 220, 229, 233, 319n8, 425

patrilineal succession, 216, 223, 273, 278

Perovskaya, Sophia, 74, 87

personality, 77–78, 153, 169, 179, 184, 186, 216, 301

physical education, 49–50, 67, 73–74, 86, 143, 168, 329n143, 378

Police Regulation on Security (Zhi’an jingcha tiaoli), 138

political exiles, 5, 55

political press, 4, 28, 31, 33–35, 37, 43, 79, 90, 94–95, 103, 132–133

polygamy, 129–130, 161, 239, 248, 274, 278

popular sovereignty, 18

Press Law, 94, 96, 140

presidential election, 94, 109

print media, xii, 1–3, 7, 14, 19, 21–23, 25–27, 32, 34–36, 51, 81–82, 84, 88, 90, 107, 120, 122, 130, 136, 173, 175, 178, 181, 185, 196, 198, 201, 204, 206, 215, 221, 230, 240, 255, 274, 289, 291, 294–295, 297, 305, 317

professional, xiv, 1, 4, 12, 21, 32, 83, 257, 274, 302, 317, 357n627, 427

professionalization, 258

property rights, 156, 217–219, 223, 273, 278–279, 313

prostitution, 12–13, 71, 91, 125, 154, 182, 205, 211, 236, 240, 252, 256, 259–260, 266, 274, 320n18, 345n434–435, 346n436, 354n583, 356n624, 366, 382, 385, 388, 397, 400, 418, 425

public opinion, xiv, 6, 17–18, 20, 31, 34, 48, 94, 152, 259, 278, 289, 295, 317, 323n44, 323n49–50, 324n56, 324n63, 326n94, 332n205, 419, 422

public social interaction, 154, 177, 179

public sphere, xii, 1, 14, 16–19, 94, 102, 200, 322n28–32, 323n35, 323n37–38, 404, 416–417, 420–421, 424–426

public space, xiii–xiv, 1–3, 18, 23–24, 27, 33, 35, 45, 63, 72–73, 125, 131, 144, 176–177, 195, 250, 257, 291, 315

public sympathy, 19, 130, 293

Qian Nanxiu, 13, 15, 321n22, 322n27, 325n67, 424

Qiu Jin, 56–58, 60, 66–69, 71, 76, 81, 88, 329n159, 395

Qiu Yufang, 39, 40, 43, 45, 51, 324n61, 326n84, 395

railway recovery, ix, 82, 84–86

Rankin, Mary, 18, 322n28, 323n37

reading public, 17, 22, 28, 34, 37, 72, 84, 108, 245, 290