siltation, 16, 43, 50, 71, 73, 80, 84–85, 111, 114, 136, 142, 144, 196

socioeconomic benefits, 45

transboundary issues, 36–38, 42, 50, 73, 271–272, 388

water storage and withdrawal, 11–13, 43–44, 73–75, 80, 111, 136, 217

deforestation. See also land use and degradation; soil erosion

afforestation, 224, 229–230, 315

causes of deforestation, 188–194, 236

climate change, 199

community forests, 229–230, 232

deforestation controversy, 184–187

eucalyptus, 188, 194, 232

forest conservation, 199–200

forest management policy and laws, 201

hydrological impacts, 194–197

drought and adaptive strategies, 3, 12, 31, 40, 44, 65–67, 70–71, 76, 80–81, 109, 111–114, 124, 131, 139, 142, 201, 214, 217–218, 225–228, 238, 255, 260, 270, 273–274, 301, 316, 390

economic policies, 69, 103, 190, 235–237

environmental policies and laws. See also soil and water conservation, 73, 200, 337

Environmental Protection Agency, 86, 158, 326

Ethiopian Highland Reclamation Project. See soil and water conservation

flood plains. See also dams, rivers, soil erosion, 4, 8, 42–43, 51, 114, 257, 267, 286–287, 299, 301–302, 307, 316, 367

floods in Dire Dawa. See also floods in Ethiopia; flood plains; land use and degradation

causes of the 2006 flood, 312–314

history of flooding, 311–312

impacts, 312

prevention and mitigation, 257, 287, 314–316

vulnerability to floods, 308–314

watershed management, 315

floods in Ethiopia

and climate change, 286, 300

annual flood deviation, 292–294

causes of the 2006 flood, 297–299

“controlled floods,”, 266–268

flash floods, 296–297, 300, 308

flood forecasting and early warning systems, 38, 267, 301, 303, 394

flood levels of Lake Tana, 292, 294

flood prevention and mitigation, 257, 287, 300–302

flooding patterns, 288, 299–300, 302

geochemical diseases

causes, 370–373

fluorosis, 370–372

fluorosis control, 372–373

other geochemical hazards, 373–374