Human Development Index See also social water stress index, 13, 33–34.

hydropower development. See also alternative energy sources; dams; soil erosion

cost-benefit analysis, 86, 89

demand for energy, 3, 35–36

energy policy, 87

environmental impact assessment, 81, 84, 86, 266, 273

hydropower project development, 1–3, 13, 38, 43, 73, 81

hydropower potential, 13–14, 63, 71, 73, 77–80

hydropower production, 13, 41, 43, 45, 77–81

management, 17, 41–42

socioeconomic benefits, 87

integrated water resources management, 4, 16–17, 38, 87, 316, 388, 391

irrigated agriculture. See also dams; water resources utilization and management

access to irrigation water, 108–109, 116

cost-effective water use, 50

crop production and food security, 7, 19, 45, 84, 89, 103, 108–109, 112, 114–115, 366

government irrigation schemes, 108–110

implementation capacity, 83–84

irrigation efficiency, 48–49, 51, 84

irrigation potential, 63, 81–83, 257

large-scale irrigation, 19, 74, 76, 81, 83–84, 88, 269

microirrigation, 104

NGO support, 111

performance of schemes, 83

private sector, 111

salinization and water logging, 48, 84, 113, 115, 185

small-scale irrigation, 19, 81–82, 87, 89, 103, 108, 110–111, 115

supplemental irrigation, 51, 111

traditional water institutions, 106–107

water rights, 36, 38, 108–109

water use efficiency, 48–49, 51, 84, 365

water committees, 107, 135, 136

water users’ associations See also droughts and survival strategies; economic policies, rainwater harvesting; water-related diseases; water resources, utilization and management, 107, 110

land reform . See also access to land and water, 52, 106–108, 125, 192, 200, 219, 224, 226–229

land use and degradation. See also deforestation; soil erosion

agricultural systems, 6, 13, 51, 106, 223–227, 233, 254–262, 388

factors in degradation, 89, 215–216, 221, 223–224, 232, 237, 240