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1. See “Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities,” G.A. Res. 47/135, annex, 47 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 210, U.N. Doc. A/47/49 (1993); Hurst Hannum, “Contemporary Developments in the International Protection of the Rights of Minorities,” Notre Dame Law Review 66 (1991); “African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights” (June 27, 1981) OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 Rev. 5, 21 I.L.M 58, (1982); OAU Charter and Rules of Procedure (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Division of Press and Information, 1982); Shadrack B. O. Gutto, “Human and Peoples' Rights in Africa: Myths, Realities and Prospects,” Current African Issues, 12 (July 1991): 5–22; Steven Cayford, “The Ogoni Uprising: Oil, Human Rights, and a Democratic Alternative in Nigeria,” Africa Today 43, no. 2 (April–June 1996): 184–25; Makua Wa Matua, “Domestic Human Rights Organizations in Africa: Problems and Perspectives,” Issue: A Journal of Opinion 22, no. 2 (1994); Ibrahima Kane, Protecting the Rights of Minorities in Africa: A Guide for Human Rights Activists and Civil Society Organizations (London: Minority Rights Group International, 2008), http://www.minorityrights.org/7544/guides/protecting-the-rights-of-minorities-in-africa-a-guide-for-human-rights-activists-and-civil-society-organizations.html (accessed April 11, 2009); and Samia Slimane, “Recognizing Minorities in Africa,” Brief, Minority Rights Group International (May 2003), http://www.minorityrights.org/859/briefing-papers/recognizing-minorities-in-africa.html (accessed April 11, 2009).

2. On sexual minorities, see, for example, Luis Edgar Francisco Huamusse, “The Rights of Sexual Minorities under the African Human Rights System,” (LLM diss., University of Pretoria, 2006); L. Thio, Managing Babel: The International Legal Protection of Minorities in the Twentieth Century (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers/Leiden: Brill Academic, 2005); J. Matshekga, “The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and the protection and promotion of the right to equality and non-discrimination for homosexuals: Discussion,” Fundamina: A Journal of Legal History 9, (2003); N. Hunte; S. Michaelson, and T. Stoddard, The Rights of Lesbians and Gay Men: The Basic ACLU Guide to a Person's Rights (Chicago: Illinois University Press, 1992); Human Rights Watch and International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, More Than a Name: State-Sponsored Homophobia and Its Consequences in Southern Africa (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2003).