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   the following two books: Ayesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 8–10 and Gail Minault, The Khilafat Movement, Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982).

13. Francesca Orsini, The Hindi Public Sphere (1920–1940): Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, 243–308, and Sinha, “Reading Mother India: Empire, Nation, and the Female Voice”, 34.

14. Mahadevi Varma, “Hindu Stri Ka Patnitva”, in Mahadevi Sahitya Samagra Vol. 3, ed. Nirmala Jain (New Delhi: Vani Prakashan, 2000), 341.

15. Varma, “Mere Bachpan Ke Din”, 416.

16. It was published in 1970 by Vani Prakashan as part of the Mahadevi Sahitya anthology.

17. Mahadevi Varma, “Hamara Desh Aur Rashtrabhasha”, in Mahadevi Sahitya Samagra Vol. 3, ed. Nirmala Jain (New Delhi: Vani Prakashan, 2000), 72.

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid.

20. Kailashchandra Bhatiya, “Mahadevi Ji Ki Kavya-Bhasha”, in Mahadevi Abhinandan Granth, ed. Shridhar Shastri (Prayag: Bharati Parishad, 1984), 90.

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid., 91.

23. Many essays in the massive, nearly 500-page Mahadevi Abhinandan Granth deal with the question of how to interpret her poetry—whether one should regard it as mystical poetry, secular poetry, or “feminist” poetry. See as examples Bhatnagar, “Mahadevi Ka Kavya”, 24–33. For analyses of mysticism versus Chhayavad in Mahadevi Varma’s poetry, see Kamalakant Pathak, “Mahadeviji: Kavi Aur Kavya-Chintak”, in Mahadevi Abhinandan Granth, ed. Shridhar Shastri (Prayag: Bharati Parishad, 1984), 34–39 and Vidhyavati Kokil, “Mahadevi Aur Unka Naritva”, in Mahadevi Abhinandan Granth, ed. Shridhar Shastri (Prayag: Bharati Parishad, 1984), 274–278 for a discussion of women’s issues in Varma’s writings.

24. Varma, “Meri Sahitya-Yatra: Gadya-Lekhan Ke Sandarbh Men”, 406.

25. Ibid., 406–407.

26. Ibid.

27. Aravindakshan, Mahadevi Ke Rekhachitra (Cochin: Geetha Prakashan, 1973), 26–35.

28. Ibid., 15.