Singapore Stories: Language, Class, and the Chinese of Singapore, 1945–2000
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Chapter 4: The Non-English-literate Chinese Students, Caricature, and the Creation Story

69

Historiographical Caricature 70

70

The Chinese School 73

73

Cultural Chauvinists, Ideologues, and Pragmatists

76

Revising the Education System 81

81

The All-Party Report 93

93

Chapter 5: Into the “Economic Miracle”

Stratification in Singapore and the Miracle Era

103

Everyday Life and English Monoliteracy during the 1980s

105

State Intervention 111

111

English Monoliteracy and Familial Fractures

116

The Speak Mandarin Campaign 127

127

Language, Class, and a New Phase in the History of Everyday Life

135

Chapter 6: Singapore’s Factories and the Economics of Language

137

The Factory Workers and the Creation Story

138

Aspirations, Debt, and Control

146

Gender and the Factory Worker’s Story

152

Labour Policies and the Move towards High-tech Industries

159

Remembering the “Economic Miracle”: The Perspective from Below

164

Chapter 7: The Price of a Miracle

169

Class, the “Five Cs”, and the Singapore Dream

170

Language and the Nuclear Household

173

Economic Mobility, Education, and Linguistic Cleavages

179