nationalism, xxi, 5, 34, 45, 151, 182, 238

natt (fermented soybeans), 252

Neruda, Pablo, 151

New Spain (current Mexico), 109–111, 113–114

New Year, 76, 225, 246, 252

Nihonbashi, Tokyo, 214

Nihon-go (Japanese language), 94, 98

Nihon-jin (Japanese), 14, 61, 76, 78, 80, 90

Nihonjin-kai. See Japanese Association

Nihonjin-ron, 38–39, 43

Nikkei, xv–xviii, xix, xx–xxi, 3–4, 6, 14, 19–21, 23, 32, 38–46, 59, 133–139, 141–155, 157, 158, 166–169, 171, 179, 190, 192, 205, 213

Chilean, 141

collectivities, 144, 158

community/communities, 38, 40, 42–43, 45–46, 143–144, 148–151, 153, 155

heritage. See heritage

identity, xviii, 21, 136, 141, 144, 147, 150, 152–155

Mexican, 141

Paraguayan, 141

Place, 153–154

youth, 148

Nikkei-ness, 97, 121, 138–139, 141, 143, 148–149, 152

Nisei (second generation of Japanese transnational migrants), 38–39, 44, 68, 139, 142, 150, 230

Noah, 8

Nhon-shugi (agriculture first principle), 15, 56, 58, 60, 64–68, 79

nori (seaweed), 252

North America, xvi, xxi, 5–6, 16, 19–20, 24, 37–39, 41, 43, 62, 137–139, 148, 150, 154–155, 238–239, 265

Obama, Barack, 10, 12–13

obligation, 72, 80, 216, 218–220, 231

Oda, Nobunaga, 107–108

Oj-san (a lady), 77, 82

Okihiro, Gary, 155

Okinawa, 150, 157, 277

colony. See colony

Okinawan(s), 155, 277

Omoeba Kanau (If there is a will, there is a way), 229

Oriental, 5

oyako-don (a rice bowl with chicken and eggs), 249

Pacific Islander, 5

Padang, 246

Pan American Nikkei Association, 21, 134

PANA, 21, 134–136, 144, 146, 149, 152, 157

Pan-Latin American

ethnicity/ethnicities, 16

Pan-Nikkei, xvi

Paraguayan Nikkei. See Nikkei

parallel institutions, 37–38, 42–43, 46

patrilineal, 215, 253

Peace Museum (in Kyoto, Japan), 142

Peru, 14, 144–145, 149–150, 157, 175–177, 181

Peruvian, 143, 145, 167–174, 179, 180, 181

fujin-kai, 148

phenotypical, 9, 11, 14, 283