ethnic, 4, 11, 13, 18, 38, 46, 54, 65, 98–99, 137, 146, 171, 177, 188, 191, 205, 213, 227, 254, 276

association(s), 21

attachment, 11

boundary/boundaries, 26, 80, 154

category/categories, 143

cleansing, 4

community/communities, 4, 44–45, 94, 143, 202

conflict(s), 20

enclave, 18, 167, 175, 178, 264

food, 4, 169

group, xx, 4, 17, 19, 116, 135, 155, 241, 243–245, 247, 256, 264, 284

heritage, xviii, 4

identification. See identity/identities

image, 23

laborer(s), 187

minority/minorities, 4, 19, 38, 256

mobilization, 11

music, 4

networking, 134

relations, xvi

social network, 18

solidarity, 11

spectrum, 281

stereotype(s), 17

studies, xvi, 264

ethnically, 115

ethnicity, xvi–xvii, xxi, 3–26, 55, 81, 96, 116, 119, 134–135

ethnicity (continued)

143, 154–155, 179, 191, 193, 201–205, 213, 237, 243–244, 247, 253, 256, 263–285

ethnoscapes, 135, 154, 181, 227–228

etic, 11

Europe, xvii, xxi, 6, 8–9, 24, 37, 94, 102, 105, 107, 109, 112–113, 116, 125, 128, 177, 191

European(s), 5, 8–9, 31, 33, 35, 102, 106–109, 111–112

American(s), 9–10, 13, 276

family business, 20, 22, 166, 187, 203, 213, 216, 224

Foreign Ministry, 87, 90

foreigner(s), 7, 14, 44, 78, 82, 109, 112, 115–116, 125, 141, 145, 173, 192–194, 239, 244

ffu yshi. See yshi

Fujimori, Mrs., 149

fujin-kai (women's association), 148

furusato (home), 147–148, 171

gaijin, 14, 67–68, 76, 78, 80–81, 82

German, 54, 62

Germany, xvii, xxi, 21, 23, 35, 87–104

Ghana, 12

Ghanaian(s), 12–13