| Chapter 1: | Historical Perspective and the Development of Modern Burn Care |
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Ms Gerri Trumbo, USAISR librarian.
Table 1. Organizational landmarks in the history of modern burn care.
1843: Syme establishes first burn hospital in Edinburgh2
1884: Burn patients admitted to a special ward at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary7
1915: Sir Harold Gillies sets up the first plastics and oral-maxillofacial unit in the United Kingdom at Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot6
1940: During the Battle of Britain, Archibald McIndoe inaugurates a Royal Air Force burn unit at East Grinstead7
1941: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor marks entry of United States into WWII and tests US military burn care capabilities10
1942: US National Research Council holds national meeting, establishes research program in burns51
1942: Fire disaster at the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Boston leads to documentation of several aspects of burn pathophysiology and treatment12
1944: Colebrook establishes a burn unit with Medical Research Council support at the Birmingham Accident Hospital123,124
1947: Evans establishes the first burn unit in the United States in Richmond, Virginia
1949: US Army Surgical Research Unit (SRU) establishes the US Army Burn Center at Fort Sam Houston, Texas
1951: SRU begins aeromedical evacuation of critically ill burn patients125,126
1953: Dobrkovsky founds the burn unit in Prague123
1962: Shriners Hospitals set up three burn units for children in the United States22
1959–1967: National burn seminars are held in the United States127
1965: International Society for Burn Injuries is founded27
1968: British Burn Association and American Burn Association (ABA) are founded
1974: Burns Including Thermal Injury (later, Burns) begins publication
1980: Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation (later, Journal of Burn Care and Research) begins publication
1991: ABA and American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma begin verification of US burn centers
1991: ABA creates the National Burn Repository database
2003: US Army Institute of Surgical Research and ABA reinstitute a national burn-bed reporting system developed during Operation Desert Storm to support combat operations in Iraq and other crises32
References
1. Burke JF. Burn treatment’s evolution in the 20th century. J Am Coll Surg. 2005; 200: 152–153.
2. Wallace AF. Recent advances in the treatment of burns— 1843–1858. Br J Plast Surg. 1987; 40: 193–200.
3. Pruitt BA Jr. Combat casualty care and surgical progress. Ann Surg. 2006; 243: 715–729.
4. Eldad A. “Out of the strong came forth sweetness”: on the contribution of military conflicts to the development of burn treatment in Israel. J Burn Care Rehabil. 1998; 19: 470–479.
5. Eldad A. Notes on the contribution of wars and conflicts to medical achievements. Burns. 1998; 23: 523.
6. Mills SMH. Burns down under: lessons lost, lessons learned. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2005; 26: 43–52.
7. Jackson D. Thirty years of burn treatment in Britain—where now? Injury. 1978; 10: 40–45.
8. Jackson DM. Burns: McIndoe’s contribution and subsequent advances. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1979; 61: 335–340.
9. Mayhew ER. The Reconstruction of Warriors. London: Greenhill Books; 2004.
10. Anonymous (Administrative History Section, Administrative Division, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Pearl Harbor navy medical activities. In: The United States Navy Medical Department at War, 1941–1945. Vol. 1, parts 1-2. Washington, DC: The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; 1946.
11. Saffle JR. The 1942 fire at Boston’s Cocoanut Grove nightclub. Am J Surg. 1993; 166: 581–591.