Pediatric Burns
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Pediatric Burns By Bradley J. Phillips

Chapter 1:  Historical Perspective and the Development of Modern Burn Care
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  • long after the wound is closed. Caloric requirements are roughly proportional to the burn size.
  • Effective rehabilitation must begin immediately upon admission and must be directed at minimizing disability from hypertrophic scarring, contracture, and deconditioning.
  • Particularly in children and young adults, striking improvements in postburn survival call into question the notion of futile care and refocus attention on long-term psychosocial rehabilitation.

    • Acknowledgments

    The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Ms Gerri Trumbo, USAISR librarian.

    Table 1. Organizational landmarks in the history of modern burn care.

    1843: Syme establishes first burn hospital in Edinburgh2
    1884: Burn patients admitted to a special ward at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary7
    1915: Sir Harold Gillies sets up the first plastics and oral-maxillofacial unit in the United Kingdom at Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot6
    1940: During the Battle of Britain, Archibald McIndoe inaugurates a Royal Air Force burn unit at East Grinstead7
    1941: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor marks entry of United States into WWII and tests US military burn care capabilities10
    1942: US National Research Council holds national meeting, establishes research program in burns51
    1942: Fire disaster at the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Boston leads to documentation of several aspects of burn pathophysiology and treatment12
    1944: Colebrook establishes a burn unit with Medical Research Council support at the Birmingham Accident Hospital123,124
    1947: Evans establishes the first burn unit in the United States in Richmond, Virginia
    1949: US Army Surgical Research Unit (SRU) establishes the US Army Burn Center at Fort Sam Houston, Texas
    1951: SRU begins aeromedical evacuation of critically ill burn patients125,126
    1953: Dobrkovsky founds the burn unit in Prague123
    1962: Shriners Hospitals set up three burn units for children in the United States22
    1959–1967: National burn seminars are held in the United States127
    1965: International Society for Burn Injuries is founded27
    1968: British Burn Association and American Burn Association (ABA) are founded
    1974: Burns Including Thermal Injury (later, Burns) begins publication
    1980: Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation (later, Journal of Burn Care and Research) begins publication
    1991: ABA and American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma begin verification of US burn centers
    1991: ABA creates the National Burn Repository database
    2003: US Army Institute of Surgical Research and ABA reinstitute a national burn-bed reporting system developed during Operation Desert Storm to support combat operations in Iraq and other crises32

    References

    1. Burke JF. Burn treatment’s evolution in the 20th century. J Am Coll Surg. 2005; 200: 152–153.
    2. Wallace AF. Recent advances in the treatment of burns— 1843–1858. Br J Plast Surg. 1987; 40: 193–200.
    3. Pruitt BA Jr. Combat casualty care and surgical progress. Ann Surg. 2006; 243: 715–729.
    4. Eldad A. “Out of the strong came forth sweetness”: on the contribution of military conflicts to the development of burn treatment in Israel. J Burn Care Rehabil. 1998; 19: 470–479.
    5. Eldad A. Notes on the contribution of wars and conflicts to medical achievements. Burns. 1998; 23: 523.
    6. Mills SMH. Burns down under: lessons lost, lessons learned. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2005; 26: 43–52.
    7. Jackson D. Thirty years of burn treatment in Britain—where now? Injury. 1978; 10: 40–45.
    8. Jackson DM. Burns: McIndoe’s contribution and subsequent advances. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1979; 61: 335–340.
    9. Mayhew ER. The Reconstruction of Warriors. London: Greenhill Books; 2004.
    10. Anonymous (Administrative History Section, Administrative Division, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Pearl Harbor navy medical activities. In: The United States Navy Medical Department at War, 1941–1945. Vol. 1, parts 1-2. Washington, DC: The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; 1946.
    11. Saffle JR. The 1942 fire at Boston’s Cocoanut Grove nightclub. Am J Surg. 1993; 166: 581–591.