Gamaliel II, 54, 143, 231, 243

Gamaliel VI, 128–129, 132

Hanina ben Dosa, 275

Hillel II, 232

Joshua, 76, 280n10

Joshua b. Levy, 68n97

Joshua bem Perahiah, 275

Joshua ben Hananiah 271–272, 280n10

Menahem ben Simai, 243

Tarphon, 271, 273

Yohanan, 261n18, 278

Yohanan ben Zakkai, 76

ritual purity, 44, 168–169, 223

Roman Empire, 10, 19, 22, 26, 34n3, 42, 72, 96, 121, 131, 208, 245, 251, 259, 264n75, 279

Rome

catacombs, 7, 213n26, 245–247, 262n41

primacy of bishop of Rome, papacy, 12, 31–32, 96–97, 204, 270, 283

St Peter's tomb, 247

Sabbath

and Sunday, 164, 188, 196, 204

Sadducees, 142–143

Samaritan See also Kutim, 28, 51, 61n11, 87–88, 105n91, 117, 130, 142, 170, 181n136, 248, 270, 276, 299

Sanhedrin, 231, 274–275, 277, 280n7, 280n10, 281n24

Saturnalia, 88

Seneca, 42, 90, 207

Septuagint, 76, 270

Shavu’ot, 227

Shema, 144, 146, 153–157, 159, 171, 172n11, 176n63, 177nn64–65, 178n79, 200, 216n 64, 257, 286

Shemoneh Esreh See also Amidah; twelfth benediction, 154

Shimeon HaPakuli, 54

Simeon Stylites, 120

slaves, 26, 39n79, 74, 95, 112, 129, 133n2, 138n98, 206, 209, 216n69, 286, 294

Succoth, 165, 182n153

Sunday, 11, 13, 83, 111, 125, 134n14, 162, 164, 168, 185–186, 188–189, 192, 194–202, 204–210, 215n57, 216n69, 217n89, 218n113, 226–229, 232–233, 236n48, 237n56, 287, 289, 294

superstition, 23, 47, 89–90, 116, 129, 207, 242, 275, 285, 294

Synagogues

Antioch, 23, 35n23, 120, 127

Constantinople, in Copper Market, 120

Callinicum, 118

Illyricum, 119–120

Ravenna, 119

Rome, 119

Sardis, 268n136

Syracuse, 243–244, 246, 307

Tacitus, 4, 23–24, 65n44, 90, 242

Tannaim, 9, 271

Temple

imagery, 189, 227, 248–249

Passover in, 233, 234n1, 234nn6–7

sacrifices in, 143, 145–147, 153–154

without sacrifices in, 143–145, 153, 220