52. Louis Feldman, Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World: Attitudes and Interactions from Alexandria to Justinian (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).

53. John Painter, Just James: The Brother of Jesus in History and Tradition (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 228.

54. The Manual of Discipline, which includes a treatise on the Two Ways (life and death) supplies the background to the ethical part of the Didache; see J. Daniélou, A. H. Couratin, and J. Kent, eds., Historical Theology (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969), 33. See also Lawrence H. Schiffman, Reclaiming the Dead Sea Scrolls: The History of Judaism, the Background of Christianity, the Lost Library of Qumran (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1994), 219–313.

55. Adam H. Becker and Annette Yoshiko Reed, eds., The Ways that Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism 95 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003).

56. Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra, The Impact of Yom Kippur on Early Christianity. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen 163 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003).

57. Albert Gerhards and Clemens Leonhard, eds., Jewish and Christian Liturgy and Worship: New Insights into Its History and Interaction. Jewish and Christian Perspectives Series 15 (Leiden: Brill, 2007).

58. Thus, for example, Morna D. Hooker, Continuity and Discontinuity: Early Christianity in Its Jewish Setting (London: Epworth, 1986) appears to treat both early Christianity and first-century Judaism as homogenous entities.

59. See Neusner's preface in the abridged version of Erwin Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988), xiii. See also Alan J. Avery-Peck, Daniel Harrington, and Jacob Neusner, eds., When Judaism and Christianity Began: Essays in Memory of Anthony J. Saldarini, 2 vols. Supplements to JSJ 85 (Leiden: Brill, 2004).

60. It is also worthwhile consulting the recent collection of essays: David B. Capes, April D. DeConick, Helen K. Bond, and Troy Miller, eds., Israel's God and Rebecca's Children: Christology and Community in Early Judaism and Christianity. Essays in Honor of Larry W. Hurtado and Alan F. Segal (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2007). Authors include the Israeli scholar Rachel Elior, ‘On the Changing Significance of the Sacred’ (277–301); Troy Millar, ‘Liturgy and Communal Identity: Hellenistic Synagogal Prayer 5 and the ‘Character of Early Syrian Christianity’ (345–358); and Paula Fredericksen, ‘Mandatory Retirement: Ideas in the Study of Christian Origins Whose Time Has Come to Go’ (25–38).