Acts of the Apostles, 23, 73

Aelia Capitolina See also Jerusalem, 252, 254

Alexandria, 20, 24–25, 29–30, 120, 149, 188, 194, 196, 204, 213n35, 228–229, 232, 297–298, 301

Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, 85, 101n28, 105n80, 118, 125

Amidah See also Shemoneh Esreh; twelfth benediction, 54, 68, 144, 146, 153–154, 156–157, 159–164, 176–177nn63, 200

Amoraim, 274

amulet, 89–91, 106n103, 173n22, 253

anti-Jewish canons, 28, 73, 79, 285

anti-Semitism, 1, 5, 8, 31, 46, 64n41, 69n117, 289

Antioch (Syria), 20, 22–23, 26, 30, 34n3, 35n23, 61n11, 66n70, 127, 149, 151, 158, 175n44, 196, 204–206, 214n48, 232, 251, 294, 297, 300

Aphrodite, 243

apocryphal texts, 107n120, 242

Apollinarianism, 151

apostles, 20–21, 30, 42, 73–74, 129, 155, 186, 190–191, 199, 251

Apostolic Fathers, 144, 158, 169, 189

Apostolical Constitutions, 5, 94, 107n134, 127, 155–156, 162, 177n71, 179n97, 215n53

Apostolical Constitutions (continued ) 203–204, 215n53, 216nn69–70, 216n75

Aquila, 100n13, 251, 268n128

Arianism, 80, 151, 159, 204

Aristo of Pella, 250

art

catacombs, 213n26, 243–247, 262

at Dura Europos, 243, 246–250, 258, 288

early Christian, 241–246

good shepherd in, 246–248

Jonah in, 244, 246

orante figure in, 244, 246, 262n41

Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, 6, 205, 214n44, 297–298

Augustine of Hippo, 112, 123, 158, 206–207, 214n44

baptism See also immersion, 52, 76–77, 94, 167–169, 181n131, 182n148, 182n151, 194, 199, 226, 247–248, 285

Bar Kochba, 10, 12, 46, 75, 253, 255

blood, 44–45, 62n20, 63n32, 64n41, 77–78, 102n31, 103n45, 165–166, 182n151, 182n153, 205, 210, 221–223, 225, 257, 267n124, 277, 293, 295

Boethusian, 226

Byzantine, 252, 254, 256, 265n81, 299