Oaxaca, 105, 107

Obama, President Barack, 34, 312–313

Obatalá, 102

Obsesión, 132–133

Ochún, 102, 129, 137–138

Ogún, 3, 5

Olodumare, 137

Olympio, Sylvanus Epiphanio Kwami, 244

Olympio Silva, Francisco, 244–245

one-drop rule See also hypodescent, 59, 96, 162, 177, 318

Oricha, 3–5, 126, 136–137

Orishas (vocal group), 128–129

Orixá, 3–4

Ortiz, Alberto, 100, 307–308

Osu, 224

Otublohum, 239, 241, 246, 248, 290

Ovando, Nicolás, 15

Palés Matos, Luis, 41, 83–84, 114

Palo Monte, 91, 120, 123, 125

Panford Jr., Moses, 1–2, 123–124

Paraguay, 19

Patakin, xvii, 137–138

patronymic, 121–122

Pedroso, Regino, 45–53

Peña Gómez, José Francisco, 36

Peregrino, Francis Joseph, 273

Peregrino, Francis Zaccheus Santiago, 260

Peregrino, Francisco Zaccheus Santiago, 270, 272–273, 276

Peregrino, María Antonia See also Toña La Negra, 105–107

Peregrino, Pablo “El Negro,” 106

Peregrino, Zaqueu Francisco Santiago, 269

Peres, Fernando de la Rocha, 139–141

Pérez, Loida Maritza, 33, 36–37, 184–198, 218, 221, 305, 312

Pérez de la Riva, Juan, 231

Pérez-Sarduy, Pedro, 81, 90–98, 101, 120, 207

phenotype, xix, xxii–xxiii, 7–8, 18, 21–22, 30, 33, 37, 51–61, 106, 135, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167–173, 177–179, 183–186, 188–198, 206, 217–218, 222, 257, 304–305, 318

phenotypocracy, xxv, xxv, 182

physiognomy, 24–25, 29, 36, 93, 219, 305, 312

pickaninny, 61

pigmentocracy, 42, 102, 144, 177

Plácido. See Valdés, Gabriel de la Concepción

Plange, John, 272

“Plegaria a Dios” (A Prayer to the Almighty), 232

Portugal, xviii, 2, 12–13, 90, 139, 242, 254, 262, 264, 319

Protestant Church, 244

Puerto Rico, xvii, 5, 7–8, 28–29, 32, 38, 41, 82–84, 91, 109–119, 138, 217, 283

Quadros, President Jânio, 252–254

Quimba, 87–89

Quincas Borba, 142–143

racial democracy, xv, 147, 225, 304

racial parameter(s), xxii