Fairbank, John King, 18

Fei Xiaotong, 53

Feng Guifen, 22, 26–27, 69, 77, 109, 135, 144, 147, 150, 185, 187, 195

Feng Youlan, 239

Fujian, 221

Fukuzawa Yukichi, 82–83

France, 58, 88, 113, 151, 156, 202

Franco-Prussian War, 164, 213, 215

Franklin, Benjamin, 16

Fryer, John, 23, 67, 105, 164

Germany, 197, 202, 213

Gezhi shuyuan

Gong Zizhen, 26, 144, 195

Gu Hongming, 80

Gu Yanwu, 25, 186, 195, 231

Guangdong, 1, 5, 12–13, 29, 58, 221

Guangxi, 66

Guangxu, 65, 71, 75–76, 79, 91, 136

Guo Songtao, 2, 69

Guzlaff, Karl, 80, 104

Han dynasty, 193

Hankou, 36

Hanyang, 19

Han Yü, 149, 226, 230, 236

Hart, Robert, 60

He Changling, 26

Hebei, 55

Henan, 55, 107

Ho Kai, 71, 90, 93, 135

Hong Kong, 27, 36, 58, 85, 90, 106, 114, 119, 126–127

Hubei, 91

Hu Liyuan, 71, 90

Hu Shi, 144, 200, 233

Huang Zongxi, 25, 137, 147, 184, 195

Huang Zunxian, 78

Hunan, 58

Hundred Day's Reform, 6, 35–36, 69, 73, 75, 80, 91, 185

Important Suggestions for Social Salvation, 22, 42, 61, 121, 125, 128, 130, 134, 209, 222–224, 226, 230

India, 88, 113

Italy, 88, 202

Ito Hirobumi, 86

Jardine, Mason, and Company, 37, 41, 45

Japan, 6, 15, 17, 53, 56, 59, 79–85, 89, 107, 113, 135, 151, 156, 246

Jiangnan Arsenal, 66

Jiangsu, 13, 50, 56

Jing Yuanshan, 29, 44, 50, 56, 74–75, 91, 122, 248

Kang Guangren, 75–76

Kang Youwei, 1, 26, 35–36, 69–78, 80, 84, 87–88, 90–91, 93–94, 109, 120, 122, 143, 147, 150, 166, 184, 234, 240, 247–248

Kangxi, 61, 63, 137, 163, 191, 205

Korea, 17, 81, 151

Kuhn, Philip, 52

Legge, James, 27, 165

Levenson, Joseph, 7

Li Hongzhang, 20, 23, 39–40, 43–45, 47–48, 50–52, 59–60, 65, 67, 71, 76, 86, 88, 90, 95, 105, 123, 132–134, 136, 166, 185, 193, 228, 247–248