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Notes on Translation and Transliteration
Translation of the Qur'an, Hadith,
and Other Sources in Arabic
Abdel Haleem's translation of the Qur'an has been used for all Qur'anic verses quoted in this book.1 Where direct quotations have been translated from Arabic (or another language) into English and the original citations include Qur'anic texts, the Abdel Haleem version has been used in the translated quotation.
Where required, translations of A
d
th (singular 
adth) and other Arabic sources into English were done at my discretion. Direct quotations in English that include such sources have been left untouched.
Where Arabic terms were used, their English equivalents have been provided only for the first occurrence, unless there was some inherent benefit in repeating the translation. At times, where useful, I have included the Arabic equivalents to English terms as well. Once a relationship has