Elementary Education and Motivation in Islam: Perspectives of Medieval Muslim Scholars, 750–1400 CE
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Notes on Dates

Where relevant and possible, I have generally provided two dates, for instance, 1/622. The first date refers to the Islamic Hijr calendar, whereas the second represents the year in the Common Era (CE). However, I have only given dates prior to the eighteenth century (the modern period).

When I refer to centuries, these refer to CE centuries by default unless specified otherwise. Where I have used only Hijr dates, the initials AH appear, meaning ‘after Hijra’.

For individuals whose year of birth only is known, I have included the year of birth, for example, (b. 1/622). For those whose year of death only is known, I have included this in parentheses, for instance, (d. 1/622). For individuals whose year of birth and death are unknown but there is evidence pointing to their existence at a certain time, I have used the abbreviated form of the Latin floruit (‘to flourish’),‘fl.’ in parentheses, for example, (fl. 1/622).