Elementary Education and Motivation in Islam: Perspectives of Med ...

ibn and bint written as b. and bt., except when it is part of the name by which the person is known (e.g., ‘Al b. Ibrhm al-Qumm, but commonly known as Ibn azm)

is written as -a, but as -at in ifa

In addition, transliterated Arabic terms have all been italicised with the exception of proper names (e.g., Ibn al-Qayyim) and commonly used words (e.g., Qur'an, Hadith, and Sunna, in particular). Common terms such as Qur'an and Hadith have not been subject to macrons; hence, Qur'an is used instead of Qur’n and Hadith as opposed to adth.